Note: this is a subtle effect.
Compare the two halves of the ring. The left half looks subtly darker than the right one. Now move the mouse over them (or tap)…
You may need to change your observation distance to see a sizable effect.
In the presence of covering pencil, the brightness difference without luminance difference is a classical standard case of simultaneous contrast. This is probably due to retinal mechanisms. Without the pencil, filling-in (a cortical phenomenon) ‘wins’.
Koffka (1935) Principles of Gestalt Psychology. Lund Humphries, London [Chapter 1]
Demo SWF file from Ted Adelson’s site